HSN1 - A Type of Avian Influenza Virus

H5N1 is a type of avian influenza virus (bird fluantigenically varying from influenza virus type A
virus) that has mutated[1] through antigenic driftand influenza virus type C, that causes various
into dozens of highly pathogenic varieties, but allrespiratory illnesses in humans.
currently belonging to genotype Z of avianA myxovirus of the genus Influenzavirus,
influenza virus H5N1. Genotype Z emergedantigenically varying from influenza virus type B
through reassortment in 2002 from earlier highlyand influenza virus type C, that causes acute
pathogenic genotypes of H5N1[2] that firstrespiratory illness in humans.
appeared in China in 1996 in birds and in HongInfluenza caused by infection with a strain of
Kong in 1997 in humans[3]. The "H5N1 virusesinfluenza virus type C.
from human infections and the closely relatedPeople should get vaccine who are:
avian viruses isolated in 2004 and 2005 belong toPeople 65 years of age or older.
a single genotype, often referred to as genotypeResident of nursing home and other chronic-care
Z." [1]facilities.
The avian influenza subtypes that have beenAdults and adolescents with chronic pulmonary or
confirmed in humans, ordered by the number ofcardiovascular disorders, including asthma.
known human deaths, are: H1N1 caused SpanishHealth care workers, care givers and others who
flu, H2N2 caused Asian Flu, H3N2 caused Hongmight transmit influenza virus to persons at
Kong Flu, H5N1, H7N7, H9N2, H7N2, H7N3, H10N7.high-risk for complications from infection.
All avian influenza (AI) viruses are type APeople who are less able to fight infections
influenza virus in the virus family ofbecause of a disease they are born with, infection
Orthomyxoviridae and all known strains ofwith Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),
influenza A virus infect birds. Influenzavirus type Atreatment with medications such as long-term
is subdivided into subtypes based on hemagglutininsteroids, and/or treatment for cancer with X-rays
(H) and neuraminidase (N) protein spikes from theor medications.
central virus core. There are 16 H types, eachAdults and adolescents who required regular
with up to 9 N subtypes, yielding a potential formedical follow-up or hospitalization during the
144 different H and N combinations.preceding year because of chronic illnesses
Avian influenza (also known as bird flu, avian flu,(including diabetes mellitus), kidney diseases, and
influenzavirus A flu, type A flu, or genus A flu) isblood cell diseases such as sickle cell anemia.
a flu due to a type of influenza virus that isWomen who will be in the second or third
hosted by birds, but may infect several speciestrimester of pregnancy during the flu season
of mammals.(December - March).
An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic ofPersons 6 months to 18 years of age who
the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu.receive long-term aspirin therapy and therefore
The World Health Organization (WHO) warns thatmight be at risk for developing Reye syndrome
there is a substantial risk of an influenza pandemicafter influenza.
within the next few years. One of the strongestThis article is prepared by the editor of on the
candidates is the A(H5N1) subtype of avianbasis of current updates and reviews on avian flu
influenza.pandemic.
A myxovirus of the genus Influenzavirus,